C1 Fixation (Vent / Iron-Sulfur)
CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O
mineral
ΔG −20
0
CO + H2 → HCHO
mineral
ΔG −12
0
2 HCHO → glycolaldehyde
ΔG −8
0
glycolaldehyde + HCHO → sugar
ΔG −10
0
2 glycolaldehyde → ribose
mineral
ΔG −6
0
HCN Chemistry
NH3 + CO → HCN
energy
ΔG −15
0
2 HCN → nucleobase
ΔG −5
0
Amino Acid Synthesis
HCN + HCHO → amino acid
ΔG −18
0
NH3 + sugar → amino acid
energy
ΔG −15
0
Proto-Metabolism
CO2 + glycolaldehyde → pyruvate
mineral
ΔG −10
0
pyruvate + H2S → acetyl thioester
mineral
ΔG −12
0
Nucleotide Assembly
nucleobase + ribose → nucleotide
mineral
ΔG −6
0
Peptide Bond Formation
2 amino acid → peptide
mineral
energy
ΔG +10
0
peptide + amino acid → peptide
mineral
energy
ΔG +8
0
RNA Polymerization
2 nucleotide → RNA strand
mineral
energy
ΔG +12
0
RNA + nucleotide → RNA strand
mineral
energy
ΔG +10
0
Fatty Acid & Lipid Synthesis
2 acetyl thioester → fatty acid
ΔG −8
0
fatty acid + glycerol → lipid
ΔG −5
0
sugar + H2 → glycerol
ΔG −10
0
2 sugar → lipid
ΔG −5
0
UV Photochemistry
2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
UV
ΔG +237
0
2 HCN hv→ nucleobase
UV
ΔG −5
0
CO2 + H2 hv→ HCHO
UV
ΔG +5
0
Discharge Synthesis (Miller-Urey)
CH4 + NH3 ⚡→ amino acid
energy
ΔG −10
0
N2 + CH4 ⚡→ 2 HCN
energy
ΔG +15
0